Nanofiltration
(NF) & Reverse Osmosis (RO)
NF & RO modules are arranged in a sidestream configuration with the membrane located in a pressurized external loop as shown below.
NF & RO modules are arranged in a sidestream configuration with the membrane located in a pressurized external loop as shown below.
A3 uses
spiral wound membranes for NF and RO applications.
Spiral wound membranes are the most compact and
inexpensive modules today. Flat-sheet membranes are
arranged in sets of two in an envelope surrounded by
a flexible porous sheet. Each of the envelopes is
separated through a feed spacer. The spacer ensures
an open channel for the feed stream, induces
turbulence, and reduces accumulation of solute
molecules on the membrane surface.
Nanofiltration modules are operated between 100-580 psi; reverse osmosis operate at pressures up to 1,800 psi.
Nanofiltration modules are operated between 100-580 psi; reverse osmosis operate at pressures up to 1,800 psi.
